Mine slope

The shape, angle, and height of a mine slope are artificially formed according to the mining design. A complete mine slope typically consists of multiple steps (or "stages"), including step height, step slope angle, safety platform, and cleaning platform, ultimately forming an overall slope angle. The design of this system is a multi-objective optimization problem. Slope instability (i.e., landslides) is one of the major hazards in open-pit mines, with extremely serious consequences, potentially leading to catastrophic accidents such as equipment burial and personnel casualties. It causes huge direct and indirect economic losses. Large landslides can damage the surrounding ecological environment, block waterways, and trigger social problems. Therefore, scientific analysis, meticulous design, and real-time monitoring of mine slopes are fundamental prerequisites for achieving safe, efficient, and green mining.

• Surface displacement monitoring (robotic total station, GNSS, wire-type displacement gauge)
• Internal displacement monitoring (array displacement gauge, fixed inclinometer)
• Wetting line monitoring (water level gauge)
• Rainfall monitoring (rain gauge)
• Reservoir water level monitoring (reservoir water level gauge)

The initial design of the phosphogypsum resource storage facility has a dam crest elevation of 180.0m and a dam height of 43.0m. The first phase phosphogypsum accumulation elevation is 240.0m, with a dam height of 60.0m, resulting in a total dam height of 103.0m and a corresponding total storage capacity of 1600 x 10m. The second phase phosphogypsum accumulation elevation is 260.0m, with a dam height of 80.0m, resulting in a total dam height of 123.0m. The third phase phosphogypsum accumulation elevation is 290.0m, with a total dam height of 110.0m and a dam height of 153.0m. The total volume of the three phases is 6756.51 x 10m, classifying it as a Class II storage facility.

The project site is located in an area with complex topography and diverse natural environment. Yidu City is situated at the boundary between the Wuling Mountains and the Wushan Mountains in eastern Sichuan, a transitional zone from the eastern plains of Hubei Province to the southwestern mountains, and the confluence of the Yangtze and Qingjiang River systems. The terrain is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, rising in a stepped fashion along the Yangtze River axis to the southwest, forming a landform structure dominated by hills, with low mountains and plains as well. The elevation within the area ranges from a high of 1081.0 meters (Tiannao, bordering Wufeng) to a low of 38 meters (Zhou, bordering Songzi City). A landslide would directly impact water, land, and other resources and the environment, and even threaten the lives and property of the people. Therefore, rapid, real-time, and effective deformation monitoring and early warning for centralized phosphogypsum resource storage facilities has become the primary task for ensuring the safe operation of these facilities.

Using a single BeiDou GNSS receiver, more than four satellites can be observed simultaneously at any point on the ground at any time of day, enabling continuous GNSS positioning measurements around the clock, unaffected by weather conditions. GNSS receivers at each monitoring point and the reference point receiver receive GNSS signals in real time and transmit them to the control center via a data communication network. The control center server processes the GNSS data, and the software performs real-time differential calculations to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point. Data analysis software acquires the real-time three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point and compares them with the initial coordinates to obtain the change in the monitoring point. Simultaneously, the analysis software issues alarms based on pre-set warning values.

A new type of intelligent 3D deformation monitoring sensor, adaptable to various industries, is employed. It is primarily used for multi-directional deformation (displacement) measurement in 3D space. The sensor's key technologies are mature and have undergone rigorous verification to meet the monitoring needs of special scenarios. Internally, it completes data acquisition and calculation, directly outputting the coordinates of the monitoring point. It can also output various monitoring parameters such as angle, vibration frequency, amplitude, and temperature, eliminating the need for external data calculation. It connects to standard interfaces and employs a self-developed filtering algorithm, resulting in ultra-high accuracy and ultra-fast response speed.

The vibrating wire piezometer is suitable for long-term installation in hydraulic structures or other concrete structures and soil bodies to measure the seepage (pore) water pressure inside the structure or soil. The water level is calculated from the measured water pressure, and the temperature at the installation point can be measured simultaneously. With the addition of matching accessories, the piezometer can be used in pressure testing pipelines and foundation boreholes.

Ionization line monitoring is a crucial parameter for assessing the stability of concentrated phosphogypsum reservoir dams. Determining the location and amplitude of the ionization line and ionization surface, and thus the internal seepage pressure and ionization field distribution within the dam body, is a key indicator of the phosphogypsum reservoir's safety.

A vibrating wire piezometer is used for ionization line monitoring. This device determines the internal seepage pressure of the dam body and can simultaneously measure the temperature at the installation point. With appropriate accessories, the piezometer can be used in pressure testing pipelines and foundation boreholes.

The tipping bucket rain gauge uses a tipping bucket design. When it rains, the tipping bucket is full and tipped over to pour water into the upper funnel cavity. The water then flows sequentially through the upper throttling orifice, the middle funnel cavity, the middle throttling orifice, the lower funnel cavity, and the lower throttling orifice into the metering tipping bucket.